Tennyson and his poems about Elaine’s tragic tale essentially sparked the Pre-Raphaelite art movement. In the Idylls of the King and other Arthurian adaptations published around the same time, writers emphasized and idealized knighthood, which served as an exemplar for the good behavior of children. The Education Act of 1870 required all students in England to meet a minimum standard of school attendance, meaning that, beginning in the mid-nineteenth century, children were likely reading more because they were, on average, spending more time in school. It is true that it was not until around this time that most working-class English men and women were literate. During the Victorian period, children’s books not only developed as a form, but developed as works of art accompanied by beautiful illustrations, often created using engraved boxwood blocks. The rise of chivalry as a mode of education and literacy converged between the mid-nineteenth century and the early-twentieth century to popularize Arthurian literature and works of painting and illustration that capture scenes of romantic intensity.